hypergly definition

<biochemistry> Too high a level of glucose (sugar) in the blood, a sign that diabetes is out of control.

It occurs when the body does not have enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it does have to turn glucose into energy. Hyperglycaemia may be seen in diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease and Cushing's syndrome.

Signs of hyperglycaemia are a great thirst, a dry mouth, and a need to urinate often. For people with insulin-dependent diabetes, hyperglycaemia may lead to diabetic ketoacidosis.

Origin: Gr. Glykys = sweet, haima = blood

American spelling: hyperglycemia

(09 Oct 1997)

Preferred term: glucagon

American spelling: hyperglycemic-glycogenolytic factor

A syndrome consisting of extreme hyperglycaemia, serum hyperosmolarity and dehydration in the absence of ketosis and acidosis.

American spelling: hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma

(12 Dec 1998)

Elevated plasma concentration of glycerides, which usually are present within chylomicrons; normal if transiently present after absorption of a meal containing lipids, abnormal if a persistent state.

Endogenous hyperglyceridemia, type IV familial hyperlipoproteinaemia or, more commonly, a nonfamilial sporadic variety.

Exogenous hyperglyceridemia, persistent hyperglyceridemia due to retarded rate of removal from plasma of chylomicrons of dietary origin; occurs in alcoholism, hypothyroidism, insulinopenic diabetes mellitus, types I and V hyperlipoproteinaemia, and during acute pancreatitis.

American spelling: hyperglyceridemia

(05 Mar 2000)

Elevated plasma glycine concentration.

Ketotic hyperglycinaemia, an inherited metabolic defect which results from a deficiency of propionyl Coenzyme A carboxylase, the enzyme that converts propionate to methylmalonate; the enzyme requires biotin as a cofactor; clinically, affected infants have overwhelming illness, with lethargy, metabolic acidosis with ketosis, hypotonia; coma and seizures typically develop with early death; propionic acid is markedly elevated in plasma and urine; there is also hyperammonaemia, and elevated levels of other metabolites as well, include glycine, hence the original name for the syndrome.

Synonyms: methylmalonic acidemia, propionic acidemia.

Nonketotic hyperglycinaemia, an inborn error of glycine metabolism, resulting from a defect in the glycine cleavage enzyme system; characteristically overwhelming disease in the newborn period, with coma, seizures and death, or, less often, gradual onset with failure to thrive, focal seizures, and mental retardation; there is massive elevation of plasma glycine, with increased levels in cerebrospinal fluid and urine; plasma hyperosmolality, severe dehydration occur without ketoacidosis; autosomal recessive inheritance.

American spelling: hyperglycinemia

(05 Mar 2000)

Enhanced urinary excretion of glycine.

(05 Mar 2000)

Excessive glycogenolysis.

Origin: hyper-+ glycogen + G. Lysis, loosening

(05 Mar 2000)

Excessive sugar in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Origin: hyper-+ G. Glykys, sweet, + rhachis, spine

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: hyperglycaemia

American spelling: hyperglycosemia

Persistent excretion of unusually large amounts of glucose in the urine; i.e., an extreme degree of glucosuria.

(05 Mar 2000)

Enhanced plasma (and possibly tissue) concentrations of glyoxylate; may develop during thiamine deficiency.

American spelling: hyperglyoxylemia

(05 Mar 2000)