online medical dictionary | definition of neuro

<prefix>

<anatomy> A combining form or prefix meaning relating to a nerve, of or pertaining to a nerve, nerve tissue or the nervous system.

Origin: Gr. neyron nerve.

(21 Jun 2000)

<immunology> An allergic reaction in nervous tissue.

(05 Mar 2000)

<procedure>

<surgery> Surgical formation of a junction between nerves.

(05 Mar 2000)

<anatomy> Study of the anatomy of the nervous system as a specialty or discipline.

(12 Dec 1998)

<rheumatology> A joint disorder caused by loss of joint sensation.

See: Charcot's joint.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Arthron, joint, + pathos, suffering, disease

(05 Mar 2000)

<physiology> Use of electrical stimulation to supplement activity of the nervous system.

(05 Mar 2000)

Related to neuroaugmentation.

(05 Mar 2000)

Encephalopathies characterised by swelling in distal portions of axons (speroids) often with axonal degeneration. Neuroaxonal dystrophy is seen in various genetic diseases, vitamin deficiencies, and aging. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (seitelberger's disease) is an autosomal recessive trait characterised by arrested psychomotor development at 6 months to 2 years followed by ataxia, brainstem signs, optic atrophy, and quadriparesis. Hallervorden-spatz syndrome, which usually first appears at 7 to 12 years of age, may be genetically related to the infantile syndrome.

(12 Dec 1998)

A rare disorder that begins in the second year of life and is relentlessly progressive; clinically characterised initially by walking difficulties, weakness, and areflexia, later followed by corticospinal and pseudobulbar findings, blindness, loss of pain appreciation, and mental deterioration; pathologically, eosinophilic spheroids of swollen axoplasm are found in various central nuclei; autosomal recessive inheritance.

(05 Mar 2000)

<study>

The biology of the nervous system.

(05 Mar 2000)

The streaming of nerve cells toward the area from which they receive the most stimuli.

(05 Mar 2000)

The theory that nerve cell bodies may move toward, or their axons may grow toward, the area from which they receive the most stimuli.

Origin: G. Neuron, nerve + bios, life + taxis, arrangement

(05 Mar 2000)

<embryology> Cells arising by division of precursor cells in neural ectoderm (neurectoderm) that subsequently differentiate to become neurones.

(16 Dec 1997)

<tumour>

<oncology> Malignant tumour derived from primitive ganglion cells. Mainly a tumour of childhood. Commonest sites are adrenal medulla and retroperitoneal tissue. The cells may partially differentiate into cells having the appearance of immature neurones.

The tumour shows a consistent deletion of the 1p36 region which is considered the site of the neuroblastoma I gene. Loss of the 1p36 region also correlates with amplification for the N-myc oncogene, particularly in later stages of the disease.

Amplification of N-myc with DNA triploidy is associated with poor survival.

Hereditary forms of the condition are rare and in such patients there is no risk for other cancers, which suggests a specificity of the antioncogene for neural tissues.

(16 Dec 1997)

Infla mmation or disease caused by infection of the central nervous system by a member of the genus Borrelia. It is frequently a late stage in the disease process, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals, such as those suffering from AIDS.

(05 Mar 2000)

<anatomy> The central canal and ventricles of the spinal cord and brain; the myelencephalic cavity.

Origin: Neuro- + Ge. A hollow.

(01 Mar 1998)

<protein>

Calcium binding protein (23 kD) related to recoverin. Abundant in CNS.

This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology

(11 Mar 2008)

1. Relating to the nerve supply of the heart.

2. Relating to a cardiac neurosis.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Kardia, heart

(05 Mar 2000)

Rarely used collective term for the central cavity of the cerebrospinal axis; the combined ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Koilos, hollow

(05 Mar 2000)

<anatomy> Between the neural arch and the centrum of a vertebra; as, the neurocentral suture.

(01 Mar 1998)

Preferred term: neurocentral synchondrosis

Preferred term: neurocentral synchondrosis

The cartilaginous union on either side between the body and arch of a vertebra in the young child.

Synonyms: neurocentral joint, neurocentral suture.

(05 Mar 2000)

The science concerned with the chemical aspects of nervous system structure and function.

(05 Mar 2000)

Synonyms: neurokeratin.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Chiton, tunic

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: neurochordal

<zoology> See Neurocord.

(01 Mar 1998)

Inflammation of the choroid, the retina, and the optic nerve.

(05 Mar 2000)

Inflammation of the choroid and the optic nerve.

(05 Mar 2000)

Theory stating that variations in pitch of the human voice are produced by active muscular contractions synchronised with cycles per second of pitch, no longer believed to be true.

(05 Mar 2000)

A clinical syndrome characterised by palpitation, shortness of breath, labored breathing, subjective complaints of effort and discomfort, all following slight exertion. Other symptoms may be dizziness, tremulousness, sweating, and insomnia. Neurocirculatory asthenia is most typically seen as a form of anxiety disorder.

(12 Dec 1998)

<physiology> Nerve force.

(01 Mar 1998)

The outgrowth of axons from the central stump to bridge the gap in a cut nerve.

Synonyms: odogenesis.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Klados, a young branch

(05 Mar 2000)

<zoology> A cordlike organ composed of elastic fibres situated above the ventral nervous cord of annelids, like the earthworm. Neurocordal.

(01 Mar 1998)

A small vessel giant cell arteritis which affects only intracranial blood vessels, of unknown aetiology, and with diverse clinical manifestations, including those seen with an involving cerebral tumour, and with a lower grade meningitis, leading to infarction of one portion of the cerebrum or cerebellum.

(05 Mar 2000)

Those bones of the skull enclosing the brain, as distinguished from the bones of the face.

Synonyms: braincase, cranial vault, cranium cerebrale, cerebral cranium.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Kranion, skull

(05 Mar 2000)

Developmental anomaly of the neural crest manifested by abnormal development and tumours of the neural axis.

Origin: neuro-+ L. Crista, crest, + G. Pathos, suffering

(05 Mar 2000)

Cutaneous giant pigmented nevi associated with melanosis of the leptomeninges; malignant melanomas may develop in the skin or meninges.

(05 Mar 2000)

<syndrome>

The occurrence of nevi and sometimes various skeletal deformities with symptoms pointing to gliosis or abiotrophy of the central nervous system.

(05 Mar 2000)

Synonyms: neurone.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Kytos, cell

(05 Mar 2000)

Destruction of neurones.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Kytos, cell, + lysis, dissolution

(05 Mar 2000)

A benign brain tumour consisting of undifferentiated cells of nervous origin, i.e., cells resembling medullary neural epithelium.

(12 Dec 1998)

A varied assortment of central nervous system disorders characterised by gradual and progressive loss of neural tissue.

(12 Dec 1998)

A type of neurological disease marked by the loss of nerve cells.

See: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease.

(22 May 1997)

Preferred term: dendrite

Preferred term: dendrite

<dermatology, pathology> An extremely variable eczematous dermatosis presumed to be a cutaneous response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing or pinching to relieve intense pruritus, having the potential to produce polymorphic lesions at the same or different times and varying in severity, course and morphologic expression in different individuals.

It is believed by some authorities to be a psychogenic disorder. The term is also used to refer to lichen simplex chronicus (circumscribed neurodermatosis) and sometimes to atopic dermatitis (disseminated neurodermatosis).

(04 Mar 1998)

Preferred term: neurodermatitis

Pertaining to nervous energy.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Dynamis, force

(05 Mar 2000)

<symptom>

Synonyms: neuralgia.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Odyne, pain

(05 Mar 2000)

<embryology> Ectoderm on the dorsal surface of the early vertebrate embryo that gives rise to the cells (neurones and glia) of the nervous system.

Synonyms: neural plate.

(04 Mar 1998)

Relating to the neuroectoderm.

(05 Mar 2000)

The margin of the embryonic neural plate separating it from the embryonic ectoderm; cells from this region form the neural crest.

Synonyms: neurosomatic junction.

(05 Mar 2000)

A benign, rapidly growing, deeply pigmented tumour of the jaw and occasionally of other sites, consisting of an infiltrating mass of cells arranged in an alveolar pattern, and occurring almost exclusively in infants. Its source of origin is in dispute, the various theories giving rise to its several names.

American spelling: neuroectodermal tumor, melanotic

(12 Dec 1998)

A heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms arising in either supportive structures or neuronal tissue. They occur in adolescents and young adults. This tumour shares a number of characteristics with ewing's sarcoma: it is highly cellular and consists of a monotonous pattern of primitive-appearing round cells. The chest wall is the most common site but the trunk, abdomen, and pelvis are other primary sites.

American spelling: neuroectodermal tumor, peripheral

(12 Dec 1998)

A malignant brain tumour sharing common features and biologic properties with medulloblastoma. Some pathologists and clinicians use the terms interchangeably: they both can disseminate throughout the nervous system and, in some cases, systemically. most lesions arise from the posterior fossa in children under five years of age. The tumour often produces hydrocephalus and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Papilloedema is often present.

American spelling: neuroectodermal tumor, primitive

(12 Dec 1998)

Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells.

American spelling: neuroectodermal tumors

(12 Dec 1998)

<procedure>

Preferred term: neurectomy

The synapse between a neurone (presynaptic) and an effector cell other than another neurone (postsynaptic). Neuroeffector junctions include synapses onto muscles and onto secretory cells.

(12 Dec 1998)

Disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

(05 Mar 2000)

1. Pertaining to the anatomical and functional relationships between the nervous system and the endocrine apparatus.

2. Descriptive of cells that release a hormone into the circulating blood in response to a neural stimulus. Such cells may comprise a peripheral endocrine gland (e.g., the insulin-secreting beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and the adrenaline-secreting chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla); others are neurones in the brain (e.g., the neurones of the supraoptic nucleus that release antidiuretic hormone from their axon terminals in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis).

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: neurohormone

An endocrine cell that releases its hormonal product into the bloodstream only upon receipt of a nervous impulse.

(05 Mar 2000)

Tumours whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumours include ectopic hormone production (often via apud cells), the presence of tumour-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.

American spelling: neuroendocrine tumors

(12 Dec 1998)

<study>

The study of the anatomical and functional relationships between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

(12 Dec 1998)

<anatomy> Pertaining to, or giving rise to, the central nervous system and epiderms; as, the neuroepidermal, or epiblastic, layer of the blastoderm.

Origin: Neuro- + epidermal.

(01 Mar 1998)

Relating to the neuroepithelium.

(05 Mar 2000)

A corpuscular aggregate of nonciliated cells containing neurosecretory substance found in normal bronchial epithelium.

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: neuroepithelium

The outermost layer of the cerebral layer of retina, composed of the primary receptor cells of the retina; the stratum consists of two sublayers: 1) an external layer made up of the rods and cones, the photosensitive processes of the receptor cells, and 2) the external nuclear layer containing the cell bodies of these cells; the external limiting membrane forms a perforated supporting plate between the two sublayers; the name refers to the fact that the retinal receptor cells are a specialised form of (epithelial) ependyma cell and thus, in a sense, are comparable to the neuroepithelial cells (e.g., hair cells) of other sense organs.

Synonyms: external nuclear layer of retina, stratum neuroepitheliale retinae, stratum nucleare externum retinae.

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: neuroectoderm

neuroepithelium of ampullary crest

(02 Feb 2009)

Preferred term: neuroepithelium of macula

The specialised sensory hair cells of the epithelium of the macula sacculi and macula utriculi.

Synonyms: neuroepithelium maculae.

(05 Mar 2000)

<protein>

Axon associated adhesion molecule of the vertebrate nervous system. Contains 6 Ig like motifs and 4 fibronectin type II repeats. (Related to Ng CAM, Nr CAM).

This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology

(11 Mar 2008)

A filamentous structure seen with the light microscope in the nerve cell's body, dendrites, axon, and sometimes synaptic endings, as aggregations of much finer ultramicroscopic elements, the neurofilaments and microtubules; their functional significance remains to be established.

(05 Mar 2000)

Relating to neurofibrils.

(05 Mar 2000)

<nerve>

<anatomy> The intertwined patterns formed by neurofibrils in the neurone.

(05 Mar 2000)

Formation of coarse, argentophilic, intracytoplasmic fibres, often in complex tangles within intracranial nerve cells that are undergoing aging.

See: Alzheimer's disease.

(05 Mar 2000)

<cell biology> Accumulation of twisted protein fragments inside nerve cells. Neurofibrillary tangles are one of the characteristic structural abnormalities found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease patients.

Upon autopsy, the presence of neuritic plaquesand neurofibrillary tangles is used to positively diagnose Alzheimer's disease.

(22 May 1997)

Abnormal structures located in various parts of the brain and composed of dense arrays of paired helical filaments (neurofilaments and microtubules). These double helical stacks of transverse subunits are twisted into left-handed ribbon-like filaments that likely incorporate the following proteins: 1) the intermediate filaments: medium- and high-molecular-weight neurofilaments; 2) the microtubule-associated proteins map-2 and tau; 3) actin; and 4) ubiquitin. As one of the hallmarks of alzheimer disease, the neurofibrillary tangles eventually occupy the whole of the cytoplasm in certain classes of cell in the neocortex, hippocampus, brainstem, and diencephalon. The number of these tangles, as seen in post mortem histology, correlates with the degree of dementia during life. Some studies suggest that tangle antigens leak into the systemic circulation both in the course of normal aging and in cases of alzheimer disease.

(12 Dec 1998)

<cell biology> Filaments found in neurones, not necessarily neurofilaments in all cases and in the older literature fibrils are composed of both microtubules and neurofilaments. Originally used by light microscopists to describe much larger fibrils seen particularly well with silver staining methods.

This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology

(11 Mar 2008)

<tumour>

<oncology> A neurofibroma is a smooth, polypoid, soft or firm tumour that arises from the Schwann cells and fibroblasts of the neurilemmal sheath. They may grow anywhere in the myelinated nervous system.

(27 Sep 1997)

A type of neurofibroma representing an anomaly rather than a true neoplasm, in which the proliferation of schwann cells occurs from the inner aspect of the nerve sheath, thereby resulting in an irregularly thickened, distorted, tortuous structure. In some instances the process extends along the course of the nerve and may eventually involve the spinal roots and the spinal cord.

(12 Dec 1998)

<oncology> One of the most common disorders in genetics, neurofibromatosis encompasses at least two diseases, designated NF-1 and NF-2.

NF-1 or classic neurofibromatosis, is characterised by the familiar cafe- au-lait spots, axillary freckling, cutaneous and visceral neurofibromas (which sometimes undergo malignant transformation), gliomas, scoliosis, and Lisch nodules of the iris. NF-1 is associated with the the von Recklinghausen Neurofibromatosis locus that encodes the NF-1 protein, a GTPase activating protein which interacts with the ras proteins. The gene is located on chromosome 17.

NF-2, also called acoustic or central neurofibromatosis, features neurofibromas restricted to the acoustic nerve (usually bilateral) and the central nervous system, skin lesions may or may not be present. The gene is located on chromosome 22.

There are no biochemical markers of the disorder, but the cloning of both the NF-1 and NF-2 genes makes DNA-based diagnosis possible in some families. Both genes appear to be tumour suppressor genes. Both conditions are autosomal dominant, but the variable penetrance and expressivity and high frequency of new mutations make genetic counseling difficult.

Inheritance: autosomal dominant.

(29 Dec 1997)

A congenital autosomal dominant disorder characterised by developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin especially in those derived from the embryonic neural crest. There are multiple cutaneous tumours and tumours of the peripheral and central nervous system. The disease has been linked to mutations of the nf1 gene on chromosome 17.

(12 Dec 1998)

Severe autosomal dominant disorder characterised especially by bilateral acoustic neuromas as well as other multiple tumours including meningiomas, ependymomas, spinal neurofibromas, and gliomas. The disease has been linked to mutations of the nf2 gene on chromosome 22.

(12 Dec 1998)

A malignant tumour of neural sheath origin. Although superficially similar in appearance to fibrosarcoma, it is more aggressive and its cells are more variable in size and shape. The most common primary sites are the extremities, retroperitoneum, and trunk. It accounts for 5-10% of all non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcomas in children. Neurofibrosarcoma often occurs in association with von recklinghausen's disease.

(12 Dec 1998)

<cell biology> Member of the class of intermediate filaments found in axons of nerve cells.

In vertebrates assembled from three distinct protein subunits. (neurofilament L, 68 kD, neurofilament M, 160 kD, & neurofilament H 200 kD) These proteins, if introduced into fibroblasts, will incorporate into the vimentin filament system.

(29 Dec 1997)

<enzyme>

<cell biology> Phosphorylates a subset of peptides in vitro which are phosphorylated in vivo in cultured neurones

Registry number: EC 2.7.1.-

Synonyms: naf kinase

(26 Jun 1999)

Type III intermediate filament proteins that assemble into neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal element in nerve axons and dendrites. They consist of three distinct polypeptides, the neurofilament triplet. Types I, II, and IV intermediate filament proteins form other cytoskeletal elements such as keratins and lamins. It appears that the metabolism of neurofilaments is disturbed in alzheimer's disease, as indicated by the presence of neurofilament epitopes in the neurofibrillary tangles, as well as by the severe reduction of the expression of the gene for the light neurofilament subunit of the neurofilament triplet in brains of alzheimer's patients. (can j neurol sci 1990 aug;17(3):302)

(12 Dec 1998)

Preferred term: ganglion

Relating to the innervation of the stomach.

(05 Mar 2000)

<embryology> Differentiation of the nervous system from the ectoderm of the early embryo. There are major differences between neurogenesis in vertebrates and invertebrates.

This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology

(11 Mar 2008)

<embryology> Arising from or caused by the nervous system.

Origin: Gr. Gennan = to produce

(27 Sep 1997)

Preferred term: trophoneurotic atrophy

A dysfunction of the bladder due a malfunction of the autonomic nerves which control bladder function.

(27 Sep 1997)

<orthopaedics> A fracture in bone weakened by disease of the nerve supply.

(05 Mar 2000)

Best described in Drosophila, genes that are required to determine a neuronal fate.

Examples: Notch, Delta.

This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology

(11 Mar 2008)

<neurology> This form of distributive shock results from a change in systemic vascular resistance, mediated by a neurologic injury (for example, head injury, spinal cord injury).

Synonyms: spinal shock.

(27 Sep 1997)

<physiology> Contraction of a muscle caused by the influence of its extrinsic nerve supply

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: neurogenic

Preferred term: glial cell

Preferred term: neuroglia

A neuroglia cell.

See: neuroglia.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Glia, glue, + kytos, cell

(05 Mar 2000)

Relating to neuroglia.

(05 Mar 2000)

Protein isolated from Drosophila nervous system that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It contains 6 immunoglobulin like domains and 5 fibronectin type III domains and has strong sequence homology to mouse NCAM L1. Two different forms of neuroglian arise by differential splicing. These have identical extracellular domains but differ in the size of the cytoplasmic domains: the long form is restricted to neurones in CNS and PNS of embryos and larvae.

This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology

(11 Mar 2008)

<tumour>

<oncology> May be subdivided into primary brain tumours and the more common, secondary brain tumours. Primary brain tumours (for example astrocytoma, craniopharyngioma, glioma, ependymoma, neuroglioma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, medulloblastoma) arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells within the brain. Secondary brain tumours occur from the spread of cancer into the brain from a distant cancerous organ (metastasis).

Common symptoms of a brain tumour include headache, nausea, vomiting, seizures, change in mentation, neurologic symptoms and loss of memory.

(27 Sep 1997)

Preferred term: gliomatosis

The imprint on the brain substance theoretically remaining after every mental experience, i.e., the engram or physical register of the mental experience, stimulation of which retrieves and reproduces the original experience, thereby producing memory.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Gramma, something written

(05 Mar 2000)

<anatomy> A description of the nerves.

Origin: Neuro-.

(01 Mar 1998)

Descriptive of structures containing neurosecretory neurones, whose axons form no synapses with other neurones and whose axonal endings are modified to permit storage and release into the circulation of neurosecretory material.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Haima, blood + suffix -in, material

(05 Mar 2000)

Brain areas from which substances enter blood e.g., the neurohypophysis from which oxytocin and vasopressin enter blood.

(05 Mar 2000)

<study>

The microscopic anatomy of the nervous system.

Synonyms: histoneurology.

(05 Mar 2000)

<endocrinology> A hormone secreted by specialised neurones (neuroendocrine cells), for example releasing hormones.

This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology

(11 Mar 2008)

An obsolete term for the active chemical substance liberated at nerve endings with exciting effect on adjacent structures.

(05 Mar 2000)

Transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse or to an end-organ by secretion of a minute amount of a chemical transmitter such as acetylcholine.

(05 Mar 2000)

A process by which a presynaptic cell, upon excitation, releases a specific chemical agent (a neurotransmitter) to cross a synapse to stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic cell.

Synonyms: neurotransmission.

(05 Mar 2000)

Relating to the neurohypophysis.

(05 Mar 2000)

Hormones produced in the hypothalamus; e.g., oxytocin, vasopressin.

(05 Mar 2000)

It is composed of the infundibulum and the nervous lobe of hypophysis.

See: hypophysis.

Synonyms: lobus posterior hypophyseos, neural part of hypophysis, pars nervosa hypophyseos, posterior lobe of hypophysis.

Origin: neuro-+ hypophysis

(05 Mar 2000)

Resembling a nerve; nervelike.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Eidos, resemblance

(05 Mar 2000)

Influences of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, autonomic and peripheral nervous systems) upon the immune system, principally by biochemical (i.e., neurotransmitters, receptors, etc.) and by direct neural routes. This is a two-way information transfer system.

(12 Dec 1998)

<physiology> A substance, resembling keratin, present in nerve tissue, as in the sheath of the axis cylinder of medullated nerve fibres. Like keratin it resists the action of most chemical agents, and by decomposition with sulphuric acid yields leucin and tyrosin.

Origin: Neuro- + keratin.

(01 Mar 1998)

<chemical>

A mammalian decapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system. It is similar in structure and action to substance p and neurokinin k. The compound has bronchoconstrictor, smooth muscle constrictor, and hypotensive effects and also activates the micturition reflex.

Chemical name: Kassinin, 1-de-L-aspartic acid-2-de-L-valine-3-L-histidine-5-L-threonine-7-L-serine-

(12 Dec 1998)

<chemical>

A mammalian decapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system. It is similar in structure and action to substance p and substance k (neurokinin a). The compound has bronchoconstrictor, smooth muscle constrictor, and hypotensive effects and also activates the micturition reflex.

Chemical name: Kassinin, 2-L-methionine-3-L-histidine-4-de-L-lysine-5-de-L-serine-7-L-phenylalanine-

(12 Dec 1998)

Synonyms: neurilemma.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Lemma, husk

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: schwann cells

<anaesthetics> A technique of general anaesthesia based upon intravenous administration of neuroleptic drugs, together with inhalation of a weak anaesthetic with or without neuromuscular relaxants.

American spelling: neuroleptanesthesia

(05 Mar 2000)

<pharmacology> A state of quiescence, altered awareness and analgesia produced by the administration of a combination of a narcotic analgesic and a neuroleptic agent.

Origin: Gr. Lepsis = a taking hold

(11 Mar 2008)

<pharmacology> A term coined to refer to the effects on cognition and behaviour of antipsychotic drugs, which produce a state of apathy, lack of initiative and limited range of emotion and in psychotic patients cause a reduction in confusion and agitation and normalisation of psychomotor activity.

Origin: Gr. Lepsis = a taking hold

(11 Mar 2008)

Any of a family of drugs producing sedation and tranquilization (e.g., chlorpromazine, haloperidol).

See: antipsychotic agent.

Synonyms: neuroleptic.

(05 Mar 2000)

Literally nerve seising: used of chlorpromazine like drugs. Antagonise the effects of dopamine.

Origin: Gr. Lepsis = a taking hold

(11 Mar 2008)

<syndrome>

This describes the combination of catatonic rigidity, stupor, unstable blood pressure, fever, profuse sweating, sweating and incontinence as a reaction to antipsychotic agents (phenothiazines) in therapeutic doses.

Origin: Gr. Lepsis = a taking hold

(27 Sep 1997)

Neuronal growth factor and lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T-cells which induces immunoglobulin secretion. Its amino acid sequence is partially homologous to the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120, which may explain, in part, the pathogenesis of aids dementia complex.

(12 Dec 1998)

The branch of medical science concerned with the neuroanatomical basis of speech and its disorders.

(05 Mar 2000)

<anatomy> Pertaining to neurology or to the nervous system.

(11 Mar 2008)

Of or pertaining to neurolgy.

(01 Mar 1998)

Disturbance in structure or function of the central nervous system resulting from developmental abnormality, disease, injury or toxin.

(22 May 1997)

Neurologic disorders attendant upon non-neurologic disease or injury.

(12 Dec 1998)

Neurologic symptoms can be variable.

Examples include: numbness, tingling, hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity), paralysis, localised weakness, dysarthria (difficult speech), aphasia (inability to speak), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), diplopia (double vision), amaurosis fugax (temporary loss of vision in one eye) difficulty walking, incoordination, tremor, seizures, confusion, lethargy, dementia, delirium and coma. All the above can be symptoms of stroke.

(27 Sep 1997)

<specialist>

A physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of thenervous system.

(22 May 1997)

<study>

The branch of science which treats of the nervous system.

Origin: Neuro-.

(01 Mar 1998)

An obsolete term for cerebrospinal fluid.

Origin: neuro-+ L. Lympha, clear water

(05 Mar 2000)

Lymphoblastic invasion of a nerve.

(05 Mar 2000)

Preferred term: avian lymphomatosis

An antibody causing destruction of ganglion and cortical cells, obtained by the injection of brain substance.

Synonyms: neurotoxin.

(05 Mar 2000)

1. Destruction of nerve tissue.

2. Freeing of a nerve from inflammatory adhesions.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Lysis, dissolution

(05 Mar 2000)

Relating to neurolysis.

(05 Mar 2000)

<procedure>

The injection of a chemical agent to cause destruction and consequent prolonged interruption of peripheral somatic or sympathetic nerves or in some cases, the neuraxis.

(16 Dec 1997)

<tumour>

<oncology> A benign tumour from nervous tissue.

(27 Sep 1997)

A progressively enlarging tumour within the auditory canal arising from the eighth cranial nerve. This solitary form is usually unilateral, tends to develop later in life, and is not inherited as compared to the acoustic neuromas arising in neurofibromatosis 2.

(12 Dec 1998)

Neurofibroma of the skin.

(05 Mar 2000)

Pathologic softening of nervous tissue.

Origin: neuro-+ G. Malakia, softness

(05 Mar 2000)

A benign tumour of the optic nerve.

(12 Dec 1998)